Why Men are More Criminally Inclined Essay - 1650 Words

Why Men are More Criminally Inclined (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Course:Tutor:9/12/2014WHY MEN ARE MORE CRIMINALLY INCLINEDIntroductionThere has been a lot of research in the past few years that have been mainly concerned with the relationship between gender and crime. These studies have been initiated in efforts to establish some of the ways in which the gender of individuals might in one way or another might influence likeliness of getting into the life of crime or even criminal activities in any way. These studies have also been started in the attempts to try and establish the gender that is more prone to criminality or more prone to fall into the criminal behavior, and some of the factors that might contribute to this tendency. Studies especially on men and crime have been undertaken for a long time, and it was only in the past few years that scientists became interested in the relationship between women and crime (Dana 2011). Social scientists have realized that there is another side to the gender and crime cases; one tha t is of great importance when it comes to examining the tendencies of criminality among the human race, and some of the issues around it. From this studies for instance, it has been established that more men contribute or take part in criminal behaviors and actions than women. When the number of the men found to be in this matter is compared to that of the women, more men are found to be involved in this behavior or tendencies. Scientists began asking, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"why are men more criminally inclined and violent than womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"How is hegemonic masculinity involved in the committing of a crime? (Wykes Welsh, 2009).Gender identity can be described as part of the sense of self that individuals have and they are always striving to make sure that their femininity or masculinity is known and appreciated. Individuals might try to make known of their femininity or masculinity in a number of different ways or manners. Some of the ways that people use in efforts to establish or make known of their masculinity of femininity might be appropriate and even sometimes inappropriate depending on the ways that such individuals will choose. Research for instance indicates that men commit crime as a way of constructing their masculinity and expressing this to themselves as well as to their friends and other individuals with whom they relate within the society (Mooney 2000). This occurs in situations whereby an individual chooses to commit crime or get into criminal activities, not for another reason, but actually to portray his masculine nature or aspect, to his friends or other people. However, there are numerous factors that can shape the masculinity, these include; the ethnic background of an individual, age, social class and the sexual orientation.Men in the society have more power over or more than their counterparts, the women in a number of different and rather complicated ways. This does not however mean that they are better of superior to t he women, but rather that a majority of the societyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s setting is set in manner that is rather incline to portraying men in a more advantageous position than their counterparts, the women. Due to this fact, it can rather be proved that this setting ends up providing men with vast opportunities for getting access to numerous resources in different ways than the women. This access to resources makes the men more dominant in their activities and constructions hence the emergence of various violent activities. Hegemonic masculinity is the most dominant type of masculinity (Karen Janet 2008). Hegemonic masculinity is mainly defined by the subordination of women in the society, paid labor, heterosexism and the uncontrollable sexuality of men (Connell 2005). All these definitions are goals that every man in the society wants to achieve. They in turn tend to increase their propensity to engaging in criminal activities.Behavioral patterns and beliefs that are based on gender influe nce the way an individual carry themselves around and how they relate to their family members and friends. This is due to the fact that our beliefs are more than just the untouchable world but also about the physical one in which we live and therefore such beliefs affect or influence a lot when it comes to how individuals act or behave. Studies have indicated that women who engage and excel in activities that are stereotypically considered menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s end up earning the respect of their male counterparts (Sandra 1995). On the flip side, men are often harassed when they tend to engage in activities that are considered feminine in nature (Kimmel 1994). This societal definition of what activities men and women should participate in fosters the dominance of hegemonic masculinity (Sandra, 2004). In order to cope with this, men tend to engage in activities that maintain hegemonic masculinity while at the same time they suppress feeling and emotions that tend to make them be considered by their friends as feminine in nature (Marisa Chris 2008) . The societyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s expectation of the male to be a less emotional gender also plays a major role in this part. An example of ways in which one can act or can behave so as to be considered less emotional for instance to someone can be to acting in ways that are considered by the society as ways in which individuals with less emotions act. Majority of such actions that are viewed in this way by the society are, in fact, mostly criminal actions.The sex role theory supports the prevalence of hegemonic masculinity as men are forced to look around and see the general behavior of other men in the society and behave and emulate this. Men are bestowed with the obligation of controlling female sexuality and also to react to cases that involve the women disrespecting societal values. Men not only exercise this kind of power over women but also over men who are considered weak (DeKeseredy Schwartz 2005). These men can be stigm atized and victimized due to their perceived weakness that arises from what the society defines as masculine engagements. Activities that are considered of masculine in nature include smoking of cigarettes, alcohol consumption and also engaging in social deviant behavior such as fighting as well as their ability to control the women that they are in a relationship with (Demetriou 2001). Looking at these perspectives, it is a clear indication that men think that they own women, and they are entitled to sexual intimacy from their partners. As a result, any man who feels that their partner is not fulfilling their sexual obligations may tend to react to the situation in a violent manner (Meda 1997).This subordination of women extends to the men in the society who are perceived as being weaker than average. These are men who are rather viewed as having more of feminine aspects than masculinity. These men on their side however, will tend to react negatively to such kind of treatments; a s cenario that on many events leads to fights, rape and even murder in the worst case scenarios (Connell 1983). Patriarchal societies have constructed women as being very pure and clean hence engaging in violent activities is considered an abnormal occurrence (Cohen 2010). On the other hand, men are constructed to being aggressive and engaging in violent activities such as fighting when the need arose. Men are often praised when they fight and if one wins a fight they are praised more and even treated to some benefits such as free tickets and even free alcohol. How men are raised is also a contributing factor to the prevalence of violent activities (Storey 2006). Men are raised to believe and p...

Assisted suicide, Coercion and Elder Abuse - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 343 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/12 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Assisted Suicide Essay Did you like this example? One side of the argument says that it is wrong for people to die before their time. Many religions find it sinful and wrong. There are also the morals and values of the medical professionals. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Assisted suicide, Coercion and Elder Abuse" essay for you Create order It the article, Attitudes towards Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide, it says, when controlled for religious practice, psychiatrists participating in this study expressed more conservative views regarding euthanasia than did physicians from other medical specialties. Overall, physicians who consider themselves religious orthodox indicated more conservative views concerning euthanasia in general compared to the subpopulation of physicians (405). The study that was taken in this article says that religion plays a strong role in the morals/perspectives of some medical professionals. However, religion is not the only reason to be against euthanasia or assisted-suicide. In most countries, assisted suicide or euthanasia is unlawful and illegal. In the article, The Role of and Challenges for psychologists in Physician Assisted Suicide, It says, The practice of PAS is widely considered to be a criminal offense; however, the practice is currently legal in Oregon, Washington, and Montana (Oregon Death with Dignity Act [ODDA], 1995; Washington Death with Dignity Act [WDDA], 2008; Baxter vs Montana, 2009).(582). Although assisted suicide has become legal in 3 states does not mean much. There are still 48 states that have not legalized this practice. With this many states, many people question if this practice should be used. However, this is only one example of how opponents view assisted suicide. If assisted suicide is legal and that can be interpreted as some lives are not good enough, or worth saving. This can easily turn into people thinking that the law is saying that they do not matter, especially the disabled or elderly. For example, if assisted suicide was put out more as an option too the terminally ill, then it would seem the doctor is not giving compassion but sense of giving up and hopelessness. Also if assisted suicide became legal it can open doors to elder abuse and other bad things that can go with bad people getting their hands on these lethal drugs.

Virgils Aeneid as Roman Propaganda Essay - 2064 Words

Virgils Aeneid as Roman Propaganda Rome was experiencing a great deal of internal turmoil during the period when Virgil wrote the Aeneid. There was somewhat of an identity crisis in Rome as it had no definitive leader, or history. With the ascension of Augustus to the throne, Rome was unified again. Still, it had no great book. The Greeks had their Odyssey, giving them a sense of history and of continuity through time. A commonly held view is that the Aeneid attempts to provide the Romans with this sense of continuity or roots. There is a great deal of textual evidence to support this interpretation. Virgil makes numerous references to the greatness of Rome through ancient prophecies. Clearly, the entire poem is an account of†¦show more content†¦These two methods allow Virgil to connect his Rome very closely to the story of Aeneas, and give the Aeneid a great deal of historical credibility in the eyes of his contemporaries. It was very critical to Virgil that a believable sense of history be achieved in his writing. At the beginning of Book VI, the story of Daedalus and his son Icarus is introduced when the Trojans see it carved into the temple doors (lines 21-50). There is a second time in the text that such a reference to the past is made in a similar fashion. This occurs in Book I when Aeneas observes the carvings on the walls of Juno’s temple at Carthage (lines 619-762). In these two incidents, the same technique of recalling history is employed. Virgil seems to imply that the best way that he can describe history is to tell it with the help of the gods, which in this case that would be the Muse that he has called upon in Book I to assist him (line 13). At the time, the knowledge of the Muses was considered to be the objective truth while the knowledge of the mortals was considered to be secondhand and imperfect. The distinction between the two is made with the story of Daedalus. Virgil gives an elaborate account of what he knows of the event, and then omits the ending which he does not know: Twice your father tried to shape your fall in gold, but twice his hands dropped. (Book VI, lines 49-50) By wording the story so that Daedalus does not describe his own son’sShow MoreRelatedThe Aeneid By Virgil Aeneid1689 Words   |  7 PagesVirgil’s Aeneid was written in a time of political and social transition in Rome, which influenced the epic poem in a political way. Aeneid was written only a couple years after the civil war where a lot of people had started to lose faith in the greatness of Rome. Virgil’s intensely political poem concentrates on the theme of Rome’s greatness and particularly with the reign of the new emperor Augustus Caesar as the re-founder of glorious Rome. 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In Canto I Virgil becomes Dante’sRead MoreOctavian, Anthony and Cleopatra: Propaganda and the ‘Myth of Actium1095 Words   |  5 PagesWorkshop 1 Octavian, Anthony and Cleopatra: Propaganda and the ‘Myth of Actium The creation and subsequent sustaining of the ‘Myth of Actium is one of the greatest examples of the use of mass propaganda in the ancient world. While scholars such as Murray question the impact that the re-instigation of games at Nikopolis and the extension of the temple of Apollo at Actium would have on the political situation in Rome, its emergence, however, seems to have occurred around 20 BC, a time at whichRead MoreArt and Literature in Augustan Rome1252 Words   |  6 PagesMuch art and literature was dedicated to the support of Augustus, which helped to bring together his empire. The Aeneid is an example of such propaganda in favor of Augustus, which people often find parallels between Aeneas and Augustus. 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Literature Review of Motivation and Learning †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Motivation and Learning. Answer: Introduction Motivation is self-desire to accomplish a task without any force and fear. It ensures the organization and an individual in achieving its targeted goals and objectives (Drnyei and Ushioda, 2013). This research is aimed to explore the concept of motivation and motivational theories that enhance the productivity and performance of the individual as well as organization. Several factors that drive the motivation concept and its significance in ones life and organizations have been described precisely. In addition to this, the learning aspects with motivation concept have been illustrated profoundly. Lastly, a brief on self-reflection of both the concepts together have been covered in this research study. Motivation Motivation is process to create the desire of employee or an individual to accomplish a task with full force. It affects intensity and intension of the employee and keeps them involved with human emotion to their errands (Petri and Govern, 2012). Motivation is mostly very much related to leadership. On the other hand, in an individuals life it is also associated with the experience and attitude towards life. Motivation in life as well as in organization is an imperative element to carry out things forward. It is the internal and very personal feeling of an individual. Moreover, need is the base of motivation because its fundamental is to achieve something in return. Motivation has both the sides negative and positive along with this, it is related with the psychological concept that makes the process intricate and complex at the same time (Robins, 2012). Motivation often leads to innovation and creativity which ensures the excitement and involvedness of worker towards completion of w ork. In addition to this, there are mainly two types of motivation intrinsic and extrinsic which influences an individuals desire. Intrinsic motivation are deep rooted internal belief and wants like curiosity, honor, order, power, social contacts, acceptance and social status while extrinsic motivation is external in nature are rewarding for outside satisfaction such as benefit packages, organized activities, employees status, designations and bonuses (Herzberg, et al., 2011). Moreover, there are various other internal sources example passion towards a particular activity or hobby, continuity and discipline, working with work ethics and values, pride in work, particular self-oriented vision, and quality of life for the family, ecstasy towards achievements, growth and challenges However these all factors are positive emotions that drive motivational desire in an individual. As a negative emotion of motivation, elements example desperation, fear, insecurities and low confidence can fuel the heat to act pessimistically (Herzberg, et al., 2011). Moreover, the leadership and learning experience of an individual also impacts on the motivation aspect. On the other hand, motivation is a very significant approach to add sustainability to the desires to reach a targeted goal. Some of the most prominent benefits are immense satisfaction in working towards goal that facilitates higher efficiency and effectiveness to work. As a result it increases productivity and performance of an individual (Wentzel and Miele, 2016). A motivated person leads to operation profitably and achieves their goals most of the time successfully, if directed aptly. Furthermore, it helps the organization or any group as a best solution for resistance to change organizational structure or management structure. Motivation aids the organization to use its resources fully and proficiently. Motivation supports in building strong brand image plus also ensures minimum strikes and disputes in an organization. Not only, it sets up an effective coordination between workers but also motivation helps in establishment of friendly relationship between employees and management plus also among workers (Maslow, 2013). It also assists management in reducing various costs such as supervision cost, expenses incurred to monitor and track employees. Review on role of Motivation in Learning According the Williams and Williams (2011), in the field of education motivation is an essential factor that helps the student to find a direction to accomplish a task. There are mainly five ingredients that are student, educator, method/process used by the teacher, environment/ surrounding and content that pushes students to learn things successfully. These motivational theories and factors only works when the need is constant and the process is persistent until the student learn advantageously. In case of students, factors like intrinsic and extrinsic motives, individual and social needs, hierarchy of needs, perceived well being, purpose of the work, focus and efficiency, public speaking competency, study time and habits, lecture attendance and educational plan in the long run are main elements that impacts their motivation (Williams and Williams, 2011). Educators/teachers are influenced with aspects like individual motivation level, subject knowledge, skills associated to teaching , qualification, remarks and performance evaluation through quality tests, human relation with scientific management and enthusiasm. Furthermore, content emphasis on the achievements and student experience, student ownership, competency, innovation and critical thinking, comfort and connections among other students, adjustments with the use of IT and novelty experiences. Along with this, methods to satisfy intrinsic and external desires entail experimental or self-learning, incentives, mutual and individual goals, verbal conformity, training and interactivities, encouragement and praise and caseworks (Williams and Williams, 2011). Lastly, environment includes creating positive learning environment, teamwork, engagement and empowerment that are responsible for student learning. The authors also explained that a teacher should also make efforts to find new possibilities to motivate students with different methods and comprehend self awareness about their own style and discovering area of improvement persistently. This research paper is review of literature investigated by various authors and researchers. Similarly, in the opinion of Kong (2009), motivation and learning English language are interconnected with each other. Learning a foreign language is highly depends on the influencing motivational factors. Consistent practice and regular motivation is the principle to learn a language in a given period of time. It is complex and difficult to manage language learning continuously; hence intrinsic as well as extrinsic motivation plays a vital role for this purpose. The author also explains that higher motivation can mostly achieved by using personal cause as motivation example, self belief, need, goals and arousal (Kong, 2009). Besides that there are various ways to motivate language learning intentionally, such as incorporating adventurous and surprising elements in the activities, innovative and creative technique to entice self determination. Along with this, rewarding techniques, suitable surrounding and environment plus creating opportunities for growth and development of comprehe nsion in the student will help the language learning. In the end it is crucial to always mix up new techniques in learning process to encourage students more and more (Kong, 2009). This paper was based on the theoretical rationale which has also been supported with facts discovered by different authors and scholars in their researches. In addition to this, Rehman and Haider (2013), states that learning and motivation connection has a huge and fundamental influence on school students. They explained that school students can improve their achievement, marks and learning procedure with the help of motivation. The motivation can be augmented through various factors including teachers and their way to teaching. Teachers are very useful in facilitating high motivation and also one of the reasons of low or bad motivation leading relative performances. Additionally, theories like instinct theory, drive theory, arousal theory are responsible for students motivation. Authors also determined simple techniques such as supportive style, favorable environment and competition among student that can motivate them for better performance (Rehman and Haider, 2013). In order to testify the research authors have used research methodology involving literature review and collection of data through direct interview of teachers. Lastly, Mensah and Atta (2015) also investigated regarding the concept of learning, motivation and student goal orientation and connection between these three. The classroom experience is very important to direct the motivation and achievement of learning goals. This research also emphasis on the personality, attitude and behavior of teachers that highly impacts on the student learning. The analysis of data and research findings are based on the thematic collection of information which includes teachers as well as students. In addition to this, data analysis and fact findings are executed in a proper manner to achieve the desired results (Mensah and Atta, 2015). Furthermore, the research has also defines its implication and limitation for the future references. Self-Reflection on Motivation In my personal opinion, motivation is very necessary in individuals life for any task whether related to personal or organizational goal. It helps in identify the need and purpose of particular work and doing. Many times in life, individual encounters a time when motivation is low and you stop or give on something due to low motivation. In a particular case, when I was 12 years old my parents wanted me to learn piano but my interest towards guitar learning was greater. At that time, I refused and resisted like a 2 year old kid and being stubborn I shifted to guitar instead. Thus, I can say personally my motivation to do things is passion towards my hobby. On the other hand, money and economic benefits are also one of the important aspects associated to learning. And after all this years, I come to know about one of the realization that one of the reasons switching my passion to guitar is more understandable and motivating teacher than in piano. When I think of my favorite teachers my guitar teacher is one of the top teachers out of entire list. She was one of the most humble and enthusiastic teacher I have ever seen. She used to encourage every single child and motivate them to do better than before. She also used to play some exciting learning games with students and give rewards to them in between. My experience in guitar classes was full of joy and memories which has also directed my career and my future choices. Thus, my motivation was combination of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation both. Besides that motivation and connection of teachers, surrounding and other aspects are important in learning experiences (Robins, 2012). Conclusion This study has been exploring a vast correlation between motivations and learning that can enhance the productivity and performance of any individual. Along with this, it can also be explored with the above study that teachers personality, behavior ad attitude also plays effective role in enabling the higher motivation in the learning aspect of school going students. Some theories and methods are also been described to view the reviews of literature in enhancing the knowledge related to the role of motivation in learning. It precisely illustrates factors that impacts the learning of schools students and increasing their efficiency through motivation. References Drnyei, Z., and Ushioda, E. 2013. Teaching and Researching: Motivation. 2nd ed. Routledge. Herzberg, F., et al. 2011. The Motivation to Work. Transaction Publishers. Kong, Y. 2009. A Brief Discussion on Motivation and Ways to Motivate Students in English Language Learning. International Education Studies 2(2), pp. 145-149. Maslow, A. H. 2013. A Theory of Human Motivation. Simon and Schuster. Mensah, E., and Atta, G. 2015. Middle Level Students' Goal Orientations and Motivation. Journal of Education and Training Studies 3(2), pp. 20-33. Petri, H. L., and Govern, J. M. 2012. Motivation: Theory, Research, and Application. 6th ed. Cengage Learning. Rehman, A., and Haider, K. 2013. The impact of motivation on learning of secondary School students in Karachi: an analytical study. International Educational Research International 2(2), pp. 139- 147. Robins, G. 2012. Praise, Motivation, and the Child. Routledge. Wentzel, K. R., and Miele, D. B. 2016. Handbook of Motivation at School. Routledge. Williams, K., Williams, C. 2011. Five key ingredients for improving motivation. Research in Higher Education Journal, 11.